Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana)

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Abstract:

This species account for the Clark's nutcracker provides in detail the known information about the bird's life history, including its distribution, migration, habitat, food habits, sounds, behavior, and breeding. Much research remains to be done on the species, particularly with respect to its social system, breeding biology, and population dynamics, and in different regions of its range.

Notes:

Location: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/331; a note is also posted in ELECTRONIC FILE - Zoology. Note also that the original 1998 BNA-printed version should be available in the Wildlife Bureau's Reference Shelves in the black-boxed BNA collection.

Recommended citation:
Tomback, Diana F. 1998. Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/331. doi:10.2173/bna.331.

SWAP (2/19/2016) citation:
Tomback DF. 1998. Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana). The Birds of North America Online. (A Poole, editor). Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. [accessed 2015 Jun 01]. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/331.

Note that fee is required for online access. This is a "living" website, so this document could be changed at any time. (For the 1998 version, check also the boxed set located in the Wildlife Bureau, until major revision occurs.)